國家的政治體制

§Text Passage

1Summary 重點摘要

The Constitution, the NPC system and One Country, Two Systems.

2Vocabulary cards Vocabulary

3Step by step Steps

1. Step 1: Start with the ConstitutionThe Constitution is the fundamental law of the state: it sets out the basic systems of the country and the basic rights and duties of citizens, and no other law may contradict it. Hong Kong's Basic Law was enacted precisely under Article 31 of the Constitution, which is why the Constitution is called the 'mother law'. Starting from the Constitution is how to grasp the source of the whole system without confusing the concepts.
2. Step 2: The fundamental systemThe fundamental political system is the people's congress system: people's congresses at all levels exercise state power on behalf of the people, and the National People's Congress is the highest organ of state power. Three of its main powers are worth remembering — amending the Constitution, making laws, and electing and deciding the top leaders of state organs, such as electing the President and deciding on the nominee for Premier.
3. Step 3: Administration and other organsThe State Council, that is the Central People's Government, is the highest administrative organ in charge of daily governance; alongside it stand the National Supervisory Commission for supervision, the people's courts for adjudication, and the people's procuratorates for prosecution. Each organ has a clear division of functions, and matching names to functions accurately in answers is a basic requirement of this lesson — and also a common pitfall.
4. Step 4: HK's constitutional linkArticle 31 authorises the state to establish special administrative regions when necessary, and the Basic Law details the policy of One Country, Two Systems: the mainland upholds the socialist system as the main body of the country, while Hong Kong retains its original capitalist system and way of life. 'One country' is the premise of 'two systems' — this constitutional relationship is the key to Hong Kong's legal status and the core sentence in related questions.
5. Step 5: Discuss objectivelyUnderstanding the political system is not sloganeering: one can grasp the logic of its design — the people's congress system and Western separation of powers are different models — and one can also discuss how the system operates in practice. Answers should use precise names — the NPC and the State Council have different functions and must not be confused — and maintain a balanced, objective attitude grounded in facts.
6. Step 6: Link to HK studiesThis knowledge links directly to the senior-secondary Citizenship and Social Development curriculum: knowing the national system is the foundation for understanding One Country, Two Systems and Hong Kong's constitutional status. Getting the basics clear at junior level — Constitution, people's congress, State Council — builds a solid base for understanding and analysing such topics in later study, so that learning advances layer by layer and fits together as a whole.

4Diagrams Diagrams

5Worked example Example

6Common mistakes Mistakes

7Quick check Quick check

8Recap Recap

• The Constitution is the supreme law — Constitution Day is 4 Dec.
• Fundamental system: the people's congress system; the NPC is supreme.
• The State Council is the highest administrative organ — don't confuse it.
• HK: Article 31 + Basic Law → One Country, Two Systems; 'one country' first.
• Use precise names; stay balanced and objective.