Comparatives and Superlatives

Basic

Comparatives.

For:Secondary 2 English Language · Unit:Grammar · Lesson 10 of 21 in the learning path

After this lesson, you can:
  • Short adjectives: -er than · the -est — taller, the tallest
  • Long adjectives: more… than · the most… — more comfortable, the most popular
  • Irregulars: good → better → best · bad → worse → worst
文體:Grammar有聲朗讀

文體小知識:-er/more to compare, the -est for the top.

Author

英國語文English Language

§Text Passage

1My three cousins, Tim, Kay and Leo, visited us last weekend, and our flat suddenly felt crowded. Tim is the oldest, and he is also the tallest boy in his class. Kay is funnier than both of her brothers, and she told us jokes all evening. Leo is younger than me, but he plays chess much better than I do. We compared the MTR with the bus, and Leo said the train is more comfortable than the bus.

2Tim said the bus is cheaper, so we took the bus to the museum on Sunday. At the museum, the dinosaur hall was the most popular corner, and we waited half an hour to enter. It was the busiest place I have ever seen. Kay said the dinosaurs were the most amazing models she had ever touched. Leo thought the space section was more interesting than the dinosaurs, but Kay disagreed. In the end, we spent the longest time in the gift shop.

3English adjectives have three forms: the comparative, the superlative and the base form. Short adjectives take -er than and the -est, like taller and the tallest. Long adjectives use more and most, like more beautiful and the most beautiful. Irregular adjectives change completely: good becomes better and best, and bad becomes worse and worst. My cousins say that visiting us is the best part of their year.

§Sentence-by-sentence translation Sentence-by-sentence translation

My three cousins, Tim, Kay and Leo, visited us last weekend, and our flat suddenly felt crowded.

我的三個表兄弟姊妹添、琪琪和里奧上週末來探我們,我們家突然變得很擠。

Tim is the oldest, and he is also the tallest boy in his class.

添年紀最大,他也是班上最高的男生。

Kay is funnier than both of her brothers, and she told us jokes all evening.

琪琪比兩個兄弟更風趣,整晚都在說笑話。

Leo is younger than me, but he plays chess much better than I do.

里奧比我小,但他下棋比我好得多。

We compared the MTR with the bus, and Leo said the train is more comfortable than the bus.

我們比較港鐵和巴士,里奧說列車比巴士舒適。

Tim said the bus is cheaper, so we took the bus to the museum on Sunday.

添說巴士較便宜,所以我們星期日乘巴士去博物館。

At the museum, the dinosaur hall was the most popular corner, and we waited half an hour to enter.

在博物館,恐龍廳是最受歡迎的角落,我們排了半小時才進去。

It was the busiest place I have ever seen.

那是我見過最熱鬧的地方。

Kay said the dinosaurs were the most amazing models she had ever touched.

琪琪說那些恐龍是她摸過最驚人的模型。

Leo thought the space section was more interesting than the dinosaurs, but Kay disagreed.

里奧覺得太空展區比恐龍更有趣,但琪琪不同意。

In the end, we spent the longest time in the gift shop.

最後,我們在禮品店待得最久。

English adjectives have three forms: the comparative, the superlative and the base form.

英文形容詞有三種形式:比較級、最高級和原級。

Short adjectives take -er than and the -est, like taller and the tallest.

短形容詞加 -er than 和 the -est,例如 taller 和 the tallest。

Long adjectives use more and most, like more beautiful and the most beautiful.

長形容詞用 more 和 most,例如 more beautiful 和 the most beautiful。

Irregular adjectives change completely: good becomes better and best, and bad becomes worse and worst.

不規則形容詞完全變化:good 變成 better 和 best,bad 變成 worse 和 worst。

My cousins say that visiting us is the best part of their year.

我的表兄弟姊妹說,探我們是他們一年中最美好的部分。

1Summary 重點摘要

Comparatives.

2Vocabulary cards Vocabulary

C
Comparative比較級

Bigger than.

S
Superlative最高級

Biggest.

-
-er than比較

Taller than.

t
the -est最

The tallest.

M
More更

More beautiful.

M
Most最

Most beautiful.

I
Irregular不規則

Good-better-best.

T
Than比

Compare word.

3Step by step Steps

  1. ShortOne or two syllables: -er / the -est: Tim is the tallest boy in his class. Leo is younger than me.
  2. LongThree or more syllables: more / the most: the train is more comfortable than the bus; the dinosaur hall was the most popular corner.
  3. Irregulargood → better → best; bad → worse → worst — visiting us is the best part of their year.
  4. than requiredA comparative sentence always has than: Kay is funnier than both of her brothers. He plays chess much better than I do.
  5. the requiredSuperlatives always wear the: the busiest place I have ever seen; we spent the longest time in the gift shop.
  6. With perfect tensesSuperlative + perfect tense is a favourite exam pattern: It was the busiest place I have ever seen.
  7. All three in one paragraphFrom the passage: the oldest (-est), more comfortable (long), the most popular (long) — the Tim, Kay and Leo paragraph.
  8. Judging lengthbeautiful is long → more beautiful; busy is short → busier (y becomes i). Rule: more syllables take more, few take -er.

5Worked example Example

Based on the passage, write five sentences with comparatives and superlatives: compare the three cousins, then describe the 'mosts' of the museum.

  1. Step 1: Short adjectives take -er / the -est — Tim is the oldest and the tallest boy in his class.
  2. Step 2: Long adjectives take more / the most — Leo said the train is more comfortable than the bus.
  3. Step 3: Irregular forms — Leo plays chess better than I do. (good → better)
  4. Step 4: Superlatives describe the top one — The dinosaur hall was the most popular corner.
  5. Step 5: Check — comparatives need than; superlatives need the
  6. Answer: My three cousins are all different. Tim is the oldest and the tallest boy in his class. Kay is funnier than both of her brothers, and she told us jokes all evening. Leo is younger than me, but he plays chess much better than I do. At the museum, the dinosaur hall was the most popular corner, and it was the busiest place I have ever seen. In the end, we spent the longest time in the gift shop — the best part of the day for me!

6Common mistakes Mistakes

7Quick check Quick check

Q1What is comparative?

Q2What is superlative?

Q3Short adjective?

Q4Long adjective?

Q5What is irregular?

8Recap Recap

  • Short adjectives: -er than · the -est — taller, the tallest
  • Long adjectives: more… than · the most… — more comfortable, the most popular
  • Irregulars: good → better → best · bad → worse → worst
  • Comparatives always take than; superlatives always take the
  • From the passage: the busiest place I have ever seen (superlative + present perfect)

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