Adjectives and Adverbs
AdvancedAdjectives describe nouns; adverbs describe actions. Compare with -er/-est or more/most — and remember good → better → best.
- Adjectives describe nouns (a big dog); adverbs describe actions (ran quickly, often -ly)
- Two things: -er / more + than — Jason runs faster than me.
- Three or more: the -est / the most — the most exciting day
文體小知識：Describe things, then describe actions.
§Text Passage
1Sports Day was the most exciting day of the school year. The sky was clear and the wind was cool that morning. Our classmates arrived early with banners, water bottles and cheering sticks. I walked nervously to the starting line of the 100-metre race, and my heart beat faster than ever. My classmate Jason runs faster than me, so I did not expect to win. We wished each other good luck politely.
2When the gun fired, I ran as quickly as I could. The track felt hot under my feet, and the crowd shouted our names loudly. Jason was ahead of me, but he suddenly slipped and fell badly on the track. Without thinking, I stopped, helped him up, and we crossed the line together slowly. The other runners had already finished, but everyone stood up and clapped for us.
3The teacher praised us warmly because true friends are more important than prizes. Our principal gave Jason and me a special award for sportsmanship. Jason's knee was sore, but he smiled and said, 'Next year, I will beat you fairly!' We all laughed, and that evening I wrote the story in my diary with a happy heart. Sports Day taught me that winning is not everything, and how we run the race matters much more.
§Sentence-by-sentence translation Sentence-by-sentence translation
Sports Day was the most exciting day of the school year.
運動會是整個學年最刺激的一日。
The sky was clear and the wind was cool that morning.
那天早上天朗氣清，涼風陣陣。
Our classmates arrived early with banners, water bottles and cheering sticks.
同學們很早就到齊，帶著橫額、水樽同打氣棒。
I walked nervously to the starting line of the 100-metre race, and my heart beat faster than ever.
我緊張地走去一百米賽跑的起跑線，心跳得前所未有地快。
My classmate Jason runs faster than me, so I did not expect to win.
我同學 Jason 跑得比我快，所以我沒有想過會贏。
We wished each other good luck politely.
我們很有禮貌地互相祝好運。
When the gun fired, I ran as quickly as I could.
槍聲一響，我就拼盡全力地跑。
The track felt hot under my feet, and the crowd shouted our names loudly.
跑道熱得發燙，人群大聲喊我們的名字。
Jason was ahead of me, but he suddenly slipped and fell badly on the track.
Jason 本來領先我，但他突然滑倒，重重地跌在跑道上。
Without thinking, I stopped, helped him up, and we crossed the line together slowly.
我沒有想這麼多就停下來扶起他，然後我們一起慢慢走過終點線。
The other runners had already finished, but everyone stood up and clapped for us.
其他選手雖然已經跑完，但全場都站起來為我們拍手。
The teacher praised us warmly because true friends are more important than prizes.
老師很熱情地讚我們，因為真正的朋友比獎品更重要。
Our principal gave Jason and me a special award for sportsmanship.
校長還頒了一個體育精神獎給我們兩個。
Jason's knee was sore, but he smiled and said, 'Next year, I will beat you fairly!'
Jason 的膝蓋很痛，但他笑著說：「明年我要堂堂正正贏你！」
We all laughed, and that evening I wrote the story in my diary with a happy heart.
大家都笑了，那晚我開開心心地將這件事寫在日記裡。
Sports Day taught me that winning is not everything, and how we run the race matters much more.
運動會教會我，贏不是一切，怎樣跑那場比賽才更加重要。
1Summary 重點摘要
Adjectives describe nouns; adverbs describe actions. Compare with -er/-est or more/most — and remember good → better → best.
2Vocabulary cards Vocabulary
Describes a noun.
Describes a verb.
Bigger than.
Biggest.
Add -ly.
Good-better-best.
Changes meaning.
Base form.
3Step by step Steps
- AdjectiveDescribes a noun, before the noun or after be: a 100-metre race; The sky was clear. Example: Sports Day was the most exciting day.
- AdverbDescribes an action, usually ending in -ly: I walked nervously to the line; the crowd shouted our names loudly; The teacher praised us warmly.
- ComparativeTwo things: -er / more + than: my heart beat faster than ever; Jason runs faster than me; true friends are more important than prizes.
- SuperlativeThree or more: the -est / the most, always with the: the most exciting day of the school year.
- as…asEqual comparison with the base form inside: I ran as quickly as I could. No -er inside as…as.
- Irregularsgood → better → best; bad → worse → worst. From the passage: Next year, I will beat you fairly — fair becomes the adverb fairly.
- Check tipAfter be use an adjective: I am very happy (not happily). After an action verb use an adverb: She sings beautifully.
4Diagrams Diagrams
5Worked example Example
Fill in from the Sports Day passage: Jason runs ___ (fast) than me, but I stopped ___ (quick) to help him. True friends are ___ (important) than prizes.
- Step 1: Comparing two things, short adjective + -er + than — Jason runs faster than me.
- Step 2: Describing HOW the action happens needs an adverb — stopped quickly (quick + ly).
- Step 3: Long adjectives take more + than — more important than prizes.
- Step 4: Superlatives appear only with three or more — the most exciting day of the year.
- Step 5: Learn the irregulars — good → better → best, badly → worse.
- Answer: Answers: faster than (short adjective + -er), stopped quickly (an adverb describes the action) and more important than (long words take more). The key line is: True friends are more important than prizes. There is also a superlative in the passage: Sports Day was the most exciting day of the school year. Learn the irregular forms — good → better → best — by heart.
6Common mistakes Mistakes
7Quick check Quick check
Q1Which is adjective?
Q2Which is adverb?
Q3Comparative of big?
Q4Superlative of good?
Q5Adverb of quick?
8Recap Recap
- Adjectives describe nouns (a big dog); adverbs describe actions (ran quickly, often -ly)
- Two things: -er / more + than — Jason runs faster than me.
- Three or more: the -est / the most — the most exciting day
- Irregulars: good → better → best · bad → worse → worst
- Key line: True friends are more important than prizes — sportsmanship beats winning