Primary 4 General Studies

A substance in food that gives energy, supports growth and keeps the body healthy.

The body's main source of energy, found richly in rice and bread.

The nutrient that helps the body grow and repair tissues, rich in fish, meat, eggs, beans and milk.

The nutrient that stores energy and protects the organs; too much makes people overweight.

Nutrients needed in tiny amounts to keep the body working properly, such as vitamins C and D.

Inorganic nutrients the body needs, such as calcium and iron.

The substance in vegetables, fruit and whole grains that helps the intestines work and prevents constipation.

The mineral that keeps bones and teeth strong, rich in milk and tofu.

A guide that ranks food by how much we should eat: most from the base, least from the top.

The 999 number to call in a fire, an accident or a medical emergency.

Injury caused by current passing through the body, often from damaged appliances or touching sockets with wet hands.

Too many appliances on one socket, overheating the wiring and possibly causing fire.

The way out during a fire or other emergency; know the exits beforehand.

Details such as your name, address, phone number and school; never share them with strangers.

The small lens in a door for looking outside.

Skin damage from fire or hot liquid; rinse the hurt part under running cool water at once.

The place agreed with your family to gather in an emergency.

The first help given to an injured person before professionals arrive.

Medicine a doctor prescribes according to the illness, bought with a prescription.

Medicine bought without a prescription; the label must still be read first.

How much medicine to take and how often, exactly as the label or the doctor says.

An effect a medicine has on the body besides curing, such as drowsiness or stomach upset.

The addictive substance in cigarettes.

The harmful substance in cigarette smoke that damages the lungs.

The smoke from other people's cigarettes that people nearby breathe in.

A body or mind depending on a substance and feeling unwell without it.

The skills of saying no firmly, leaving the scene and telling an adult.

The stage between childhood and adulthood when body and mind go through many changes.

Chemicals made by the body that drive the growth and changes of puberty.

The features that appear in puberty and differ between the sexes, such as beards in boys and breast development in girls.

The monthly flow that begins in girls during puberty as the womb lining is shed.

The parts of the skin that make sweat; they become more active in puberty.

The smell made when germs on the skin break down sweat; cleanliness reduces it.

The pimples formed when the skin makes extra oil in puberty; never squeeze them.

Inner feelings such as joy, anger, sadness and happiness; they fluctuate more in puberty.

A stage when height and weight grow especially fast; a second one comes in puberty.

Harmful substances entering the environment beyond nature's power to clean itself.

Waste gases and particulates mixing into the air and harming health.

Sewage and waste flowing into rivers and seas, spoiling the water.

Loud, disturbing sounds that destroy a peaceful environment.

The refuse we throw away daily, taken to landfills.

Tiny solid or liquid particles floating in the air that can reach deep into the lungs.

The index published daily by the EPD showing the health risk from air pollution.

The unit for measuring how loud a sound is.

A place where rubbish is buried; Hong Kong has three strategic landfills.

Woodland set aside by the government for nature and recreation, about forty per cent of Hong Kong.

A sea area protected for marine life and corals, such as Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park.

Land between water and land, such as marshes, where many waterbirds live, such as Mai Po.

Living things so few in number that they face extinction.

The precious dolphin found around Lantau, a symbol of conservation in Hong Kong.

An area protected by law from human disturbance for its ecology.

The richness of the kinds of plants and animals in an area.

The natural home where plants and animals live and feed.

Protecting and managing nature so that it can continue for the future.

Making less rubbish from the very start.

Using fewer disposables, such as bringing your own bag.

Using things again, such as donating old clothes.

Turning waste into materials for new products.

Choosing green products instead of polluting ones, such as e-cards instead of paper cards.

Bins sorted blue for paper, yellow for cans and brown for plastic bottles.

Left-over food from cooking and eating, made into compost or power.

Where rubbish is buried; Hong Kong has three.

The community project providing convenient recycling points and green education across districts.

Something that makes its own light, such as the sun and lamps.

The property of light moving in straight lines through a medium such as air.

The dark area behind an object that blocks light.

Light bouncing back off a surface into the medium it came from.

The angle between the incoming ray and the normal.

The angle between the reflected ray and the normal, equal to the angle of incidence.

The line at right angles to the mirror at the point the ray strikes, for measuring angles.

Light changing direction as it passes between transparent substances.

A tube with two mirrors for looking out from behind an obstacle.

An object swinging rapidly back and forth, the cause of all sound.

The thin folds in the throat that vibrate to make the voice for speaking and singing.

The substance that carries sound, such as air, water or wood.

A space with no matter at all, where sound cannot travel.

How loud a sound is, measured in decibels.

How high or low a sound is, decided by how fast something vibrates.

How many times something vibrates each second; the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch.

The unit for measuring volume.

The thin film in the ear that receives sound vibrations; too-loud sound can damage it.

The complete, closed path that electric current follows.

The part that supplies electrical energy, such as a battery.

The device that turns the current on and off.

The flow of electric charge around a circuit.

Appliances joined one after another with a single path for current.

Appliances on separate branches, each working independently.

A material that lets current pass easily, such as copper and iron.

A material that hardly lets current pass, such as plastic and glass.

Pulling the plug from the socket to cut the power completely.

The process by which green plants use light to make nutrients from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen.

The green substance in leaves that absorbs sunlight.

Tiny pores on the leaf surface for gases to enter and leave.

A gas in the air, a raw material of photosynthesis.

The gas released by photosynthesis, needed by animals to breathe.

The food, such as starch, that plants make for growth.

An experiment changing one condition only, compared with an unchanged part.

The liquid used to test for starch, turning blue-black with it.

The pipelines in a leaf carrying water and nutrients.

A substance breaking into particles spread through a liquid to form a solution.

The even mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.

The substance that dissolves, such as sugar in water.

The liquid that dissolves another substance, such as water.

A solution that can dissolve no more solute.

A liquid slowly turning into gas and drifting into the air.

Solute forming crystals from a solution, such as grains of salt.

A liquid cooling into a solid, such as water becoming ice.

A solid turning into a liquid when heated, such as ice becoming water.

A region directly under the Central People's Government with a high degree of autonomy.

The head of the HKSAR, leading the SAR Government.

The constitutional document of the HKSAR, setting out the powers and duties of its institutions.

The branch that makes and carries out policies, led by the Chief Executive.

The legislature that makes laws, approves budgets and monitors the Government.

The branch that adjudicates and exercises judicial power independently.

A government office that makes policy, such as the Education Bureau.

An employee of a government department serving the public.

The district body advising the Government on local affairs.

The treatment and freedoms everyone should enjoy.

What everyone should do and the duties one should shoulder.

The UN convention of 1989 protecting children's rights.

The rights to life, food, shelter and medical care.

The rights to education, play and rest, and to develop one's talents.

The rights to be safe from abuse, neglect, exploitation and the harm of war.

The right to have a say in matters that concern oneself.

Facilities belonging to everyone, such as parks and library books.

The attitude of knowing rights and responsibilities and caring for society.

Many cultures, languages and customs living together in one society.

A people sharing common ancestry, language and culture.

A system of faith and practice, such as Buddhism, Christianity and Islam.

The religion of compassion that began in India, with many temples in Hong Kong.

China's native religion, closely linked with Hong Kong's temple culture.

The faith whose believers, Muslims, follow halal eating rules; Hong Kong has mosques.

The place where Muslims worship.

The great Hindu festival of lights, symbolising light over darkness.

Respecting differences so that everyone takes part in society equally.

Someone who cares about global affairs and does their part for the world.

The modern world, closely connected like one village.

A problem affecting the whole world, such as poverty and climate change.

The state of lacking the basic needs of life.

Long-term change of the world's climate, bringing extreme weather and rising seas.

A person forced to flee home by war or disaster.

Meeting today's needs without damaging those of future generations.

Trade that ensures producers receive fair returns.

The seventeen global goals set by the United Nations.

The calendar based on the moon's phases; Chinese festivals mostly follow it.

An old story handed down, such as the beast Nian and Chang'e flying to the moon.

Red paper with lucky words pasted on doors at new year.

The dinner when the whole family gathers on new year's eve.

The patriotic poet of Chu in the Warring States period, honoured at the Dragon Boat Festival.

The Dragon Boat Festival races, from the legend of rescuing Qu Yuan.

Glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo leaves, the Dragon Boat food.

The round cake of the Mid-Autumn Festival, a symbol of reunion.

The festival on the ninth of the ninth month, for hill climbing and honouring elders.

China's ancient defensive wall, over twenty thousand kilometres long, on the World Heritage List.

The emperor who unified China and ordered the northern walls joined.

The towers on the wall for lighting signal fires.

The fortified gateways on the wall guarding main routes, such as Shanhaiguan.

Cultural and natural treasures recognised by UNESCO for all humanity to protect.

The imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, now the Palace Museum.

The clay army at Qin Shi Huang's tomb, called the eighth wonder of the world.

The ancient canal linking north and south, the longest on Earth.

The wearing away of rock and brick by wind and rain over time.

Rail running up to three hundred and fifty kilometres per hour; the nation's network is the world's largest.

The crewed spacecraft carrying Chinese astronauts into space.

China's space station, operating long-term in orbit.

The lunar probes that landed on the moon and returned with soil samples.

China's own satellite navigation system, offering positioning worldwide.

The world's longest sea crossing, fifty-five kilometres long.

A national project of grand scale and advanced technology.

Lifting people out of poverty and improving their lives.

The development region covering Hong Kong, Macao and nine Guangdong cities.

The tool that finds web pages from keywords.

The word typed to search; the more precise, the better the results.

The ability to find, judge and use information properly.

How trustworthy a source and its content are.

Where information comes from, such as a government site or encyclopaedia.

The legal right protecting creators' work; permission is needed before use.

Naming the source and date when quoting material.

A hard-to-guess password mixing letters, numbers and symbols.

Passing off others' work as one's own — dishonest and possibly unlawful.

The technology of making computers imitate human thinking and work.

The way computers find patterns in vast data.

The material computers process, such as photos, text and numbers.

Smart software that hears spoken commands and answers questions.

The technology of computers recognising faces in photos or video.

The step-by-step method a computer follows, such as the rules behind film recommendations.

The system suggesting content a user may like from their records.

Machines and programs doing repetitive work instead of people.

Personal details and photos one does not want others to know.

The engine driven by boiling water into steam, powering trains and ships.

The engine burning petrol for power, used in cars.

A car powered by batteries that emits no exhaust while driving.

The funicular opened in 1888 linking Central and the Peak.

The trams running on Hong Kong Island since 1904.

The railway opened in 1979, the forerunner of today's MTR.

The systems using sensors and data to manage traffic.

The technology of computers assisting or replacing the driver.

Low-pollution, low-carbon travel such as rail and cycling.

The fires lit on the Great Wall in ancient times to warn of enemies.

The tool turning words into electric signals sent in an instant.

Bell's invention letting people talk across distance.

The network linking the world's computers and devices.

The device combining phone, camera, computer and internet.

The exchanging of text, voice and pictures at once.

A call in which you can see the other person.

The fifth-generation mobile network, faster and steadier.

Time spent on phones and screens; too much harms health.

The organisation founded in 1945 to keep world peace and promote cooperation.

The UN body handling threats to peace.

The UN meeting where all members discuss global issues.

The UN agency coordinating global public health.

The UN body bringing children vaccines, schooling and relief.

The organisation setting the rules of world trade.

The international movement giving humanitarian aid in war and disaster.

The sports body staging the Olympic Games.

Urgent help given to people hit by disaster or war.

The shaking of the ground caused by moving plates of the Earth's crust.

Giant waves raised by undersea earthquakes, devastating when they strike the coast.

The tropical cyclone of the northwest Pacific, bringing gales and rainstorms.

The sea pushed ashore by a typhoon, flooding the coast.

A volcano pouring out lava and ash.

Land drowned when rivers overflow with rain or melting snow.

A long lack of rain that ruins crops.

The Observatory's signals telling of typhoon or rainstorm threats.

Preparing supplies and plans in advance to lessen a disaster's harm.

The words or pictures reporting current events, made of headline, lead and body.

The title summing up a story.

The first paragraph giving the most important facts.

Understanding an event through who, what, when, where, why and how.

The viewpoint and attitude behind a report or comment.

Reporting that gives all sides of an event.

Where news material comes from, such as official announcements and expert interviews.

Deliberately exaggerated headlines fishing for clicks.

The ability to analyse and judge media messages.