Primary 3 General Studies

A colourless, sticky film of germs that builds up on teeth and causes decay.

The hardest substance in the body, covering the crown; once worn away it never grows back.

The layer under the enamel; it is softer and is reached once decay breaks through.

The centre of the tooth, full of blood vessels and nerves; it hurts a lot when infected.

A substance in toothpaste that strengthens enamel and helps prevent decay.

A thin string used to clean between teeth where a brush cannot reach.

The first permanent tooth, growing at about six behind the baby teeth, replacing none of them.

The pink flesh around the necks of the teeth; it bleeds easily when inflamed.

Treatment in which the dentist fills a cavity; small holes filled early can save the tooth.

The label on packaged food giving the name, ingredients, nutrition information and dates.

The list of what the food is made of, ordered from the largest amount to the smallest.

The part of the label listing energy and nutrients, usually per 100 grams.

The body's main source of energy; rice, bread and sugar are rich in carbohydrate.

The main part of salt; too much of it puts a burden on the body.

A claim meaning no more than five grams of sugar per 100 millilitres of a drink.

A safety date; food must not be eaten after it.

A quality date; after it the food may taste worse or feel different.

The actual weight of the food without its packaging, printed on the label.

The body's ability to handle daily life and exercise, including endurance, strength and flexibility.

The heart and lungs' ability to supply oxygen during long activity, trained by running and swimming.

How far joints and muscles can stretch, improved by stretching exercises.

Gentle activity before exercise, such as jogging and light stretching, to ease the body into action.

Gentle activity after exercise, such as walking and stretching, to let the heart rate return to normal.

A level where the heart beats faster and you breathe harder but can still talk.

The force muscles produce against resistance, trained by push-ups and sit-ups.

Drinking water before, during and after exercise to replace water lost in sweat.

Increasing the amount of exercise gradually instead of doing too much at once.

The feelings inside us about what happens, such as happiness, anger, sadness and fear.

Paying attention to changes in the body or mood, such as a faster heartbeat.

Admitting that your feeling is normal and not blaming yourself for having it.

A relaxing method of breathing in slowly and out slowly, which calms the heartbeat.

Showing your feelings through words, writing or drawing so others can understand you.

Telling your worries to someone you trust, such as parents, teachers or good friends.

The teacher at school who specially helps pupils with feelings and difficulties.

The ability to recover from difficulties and setbacks, which grows with practice.

Letting strong feelings settle so that you can think of a solution.

An area where people live together, sharing facilities and caring for one another.

Facilities for everyone to share, such as parks, libraries and public toilets.

A non-profit body supported by donations and volunteers, such as the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals.

A public place for residents to hold events, performances and gatherings.

A residence that cares for elderly people's daily needs and health.

Caring for the public good and keeping public rules, such as keeping places clean.

A person who helps others or serves the community willingly, without pay.

Going to see and comfort someone, such as visiting elderly people in a care home.

Giving money or goods to organisations or people in need.

A large site where waste is buried in the ground; Hong Kong's three landfills are nearly full.

Making less rubbish at the source, for example by bringing your own bag.

Using the same item again, such as returning glass bottles or passing on old things.

Collecting sorted waste to make into new products, such as paper made from waste paper.

Food thrown away during cooking or eating; one of Hong Kong's largest waste streams.

Public bins: blue for paper, yellow for metal and brown for plastic.

Community recycling facilities in each district that take many recyclables and hold green education activities.

The label showing the most energy-efficient appliances, which use the least electricity.

Fertiliser made from broken-down food scraps such as fruit peel, used for growing plants.

Harmful substances mixed into the air, harming health and the environment.

Polluting gases given out by vehicles, ships and factories.

Tiny solid and liquid bits floating in the air, which enter the windpipe and lungs as we breathe.

A government index with five bands — low, moderate, high, very high and serious — showing how air affects health.

Sound that is too loud, annoying and disturbing life and rest.

The unit for measuring loudness; living long above seventy decibels harms hearing.

A tall wall beside roads or railways that blocks traffic noise from reaching homes.

Turning off the engine while parked and waiting, cutting exhaust and fuel waste.

An illness where narrowed airways make breathing hard; air pollution makes it worse.

Sorting things into groups according to their features.

An animal with a backbone inside, such as a dog, sparrow or fish.

An animal without a backbone, such as an ant, earthworm or jellyfish.

A warm-blooded animal with hair that breathes with lungs, bears live young and feeds them milk.

A cold-blooded animal covered with dry scales that breathes with lungs and lays eggs on land, such as turtles and snakes.

An animal whose young breathe with gills in water and whose adults breathe with lungs and moist skin, such as frogs.

The breathing organ fish and young amphibians use to take oxygen from water.

An animal that keeps a steady body temperature, such as mammals and birds, staying active even in cold weather.

An animal whose body temperature changes with its surroundings, such as reptiles and fish; it basks in the sun to warm up.

Tiny water-carrying tubes in the stem that lift water upward like straws.

The process by which green leaves use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make food and give off oxygen.

A gas in the air, a raw material of photosynthesis, which we breathe out too.

The gas given off by photosynthesis, which we need to breathe and live.

The fine tubes on a leaf that carry water and food and hold the leaf up.

One thick root growing downward, such as the edible part of a carrot.

Many thin hair-like roots, such as those of grass.

The moving of pollen between flowers, the first step towards fruits and seeds.

The ways seeds travel away from the parent plant, such as riding the wind.

The state of matter with fixed shape and volume, such as a stone or an ice cube.

The flowing state of matter with no fixed shape but a fixed volume, such as water.

The state of matter with no fixed shape or volume that spreads to fill a space, such as air.

A solid changing into a liquid when heated, such as ice melting into water.

A liquid changing into a solid when cooled, such as water turning to ice.

A liquid slowly turning into gas at its surface, such as wet clothes drying.

A gas turning into liquid when cooled, such as the drops on a chilled drink can.

Water in its gas form, present in the air and invisible to the eye.

The form in which matter exists, such as solid, liquid or gas.

The force by which a magnet attracts magnetic materials and pushes or pulls another magnet's poles.

The two ends of a magnet where the force is strongest: north and south.

The end of a magnet that points north when free to turn, marked N.

The end of a magnet that points south when free to turn, marked S.

The pushing apart that happens when like poles come close.

The pulling together that happens when unlike poles come close.

Making something such as an iron nail temporarily magnetic.

A material drawn to magnets, mainly iron, cobalt and nickel.

A direction-finding tool using the Earth's magnetism; the needle's north pole points north.

The Earth spinning on its own axis, one turn in about twenty-four hours, giving day and night.

The Earth travelling round the Sun along its orbit, one loop in about three hundred and sixty-five days — a year.

The imaginary line the Earth spins around, tilted about twenty-three and a half degrees.

The alternation of day and night, caused by the Earth's rotation.

Sunlight striking the ground straight on, concentrating the heat and making weather hot.

Sunlight striking at a slant, spreading the heat and making weather cool.

The path the Earth follows as it travels round the Sun.

Half of the Earth: north of the equator is the northern hemisphere, south is the southern; their seasons are opposite.

A tool that stands in for the real thing, such as a torch and globe to show day and night.

The funicular railway opened in eighteen eighty-eight, running between Garden Road and Victoria Peak.

The transport running on Hong Kong Island rails since nineteen-oh-four, fondly called the ding-ding.

A boat carrying people across a harbour or river.

The famous ferry across Victoria Harbour; its forerunner began sailing in eighteen eighty-eight.

The urban railway opened in nineteen seventy-nine, known today as the MTR.

The light railway serving the northwest New Territories since nineteen eighty-eight.

The e-payment card launched in nineteen ninety-seven for public transport and small purchases.

The old two-wheeled passenger cart pulled by a runner, long replaced by other transport.

A phrase describing the main transport system carrying huge numbers of passengers between districts.

The government department running parks, sports centres, pools and public libraries.

The government department running post offices and postal services.

The card for borrowing from public libraries, obtained by application.

Registering in advance to use a facility or borrow a book later.

Extending the loan period of borrowed books before it runs out.

Mail registered at the post office that can be traced until delivery.

The fee for posting mail, shown by stamps or postage labels.

Booking a session of a court or other leisure facility in advance.

The office handling the daily running and repairs of a facility.

The treatment and chances every person deserves, such as education.

The things we ought to do, such as keeping rules and finishing homework.

The international treaty protecting children's rights worldwide.

The right to food, shelter, clean water and medical care.

The right to be safe from abuse, exploitation and neglect.

The right to education, play and rest so as to grow up healthy.

The right to express views on matters affecting us and to be heard.

Putting forward suggestions properly to councillors, departments or schools.

Deliberately hurting, frightening or excluding others — a breach of their rights.

The government department running social security and welfare services.

A long-established charity running hospitals, schools and social services.

A long-established charity that once protected women and children and now runs schools and services.

The body promoting blood donation, first-aid training and disaster relief.

The body that raises funds yearly and shares them among over a hundred welfare organisations.

A charity event where volunteers sell stickers in the streets to raise money.

People needing extra care from society, such as the elderly, people with disabilities and low-income families.

Money given to help people in need.

The first help given to an injured or ill person before professionals arrive.

The folk art of cutting patterns from paper; red window flowers are pasted at New Year.

The craft of stitching patterns onto cloth with needle and thread.

The craft of shaping clay into vessels and firing them into ceramics.

The art of writing characters with a brush, caring about strokes and structure.

Traditional Chinese painting, usually of landscapes, flowers and birds.

The traditional skill of building lanterns and festive pillars from bamboo strips, paper and paste.

The high-temperature furnace for firing ceramics.

Skills, customs and performances handed down through generations, such as Hong Kong's paper crafting.

Handing skills and culture down from generation to generation.

The technique of making paper from plant fibres.

The technique of copying words and pictures onto paper in quantity.

Printing with single characters arranged into a page, to be taken apart and rearranged.

A tool using magnetism to show north and south — one of the Four Great Inventions.

A mixture that burns explosively, used in fireworks and engineering blasts.

An Eastern Han official who improved papermaking and made paper common.

A Northern Song craftsman who invented clay movable-type printing.

The narrow bamboo strips written on before paper, bound into volumes.

The good brought to others or the world, such as the inventions' gift to civilisation.

The first of October, marking the founding of the People's Republic of China in nineteen forty-nine.

The full name of our country, founded on the first of October, nineteen forty-nine.

China's national flag, a red field with five yellow stars.

The song standing for the nation; China's is the March of the Volunteers.

The solemn ceremony of raising the flag slowly to the national anthem.

Railways running above three hundred kilometres an hour, linking West Kowloon with many mainland cities.

The sea bridge across Lingding waters joining Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao, about fifty-five kilometres long.

Activities exploring and using space, such as the Shenzhou crewed ships and Chang'e lunar probes.

Closely connected, such as the country's development with Hong Kong.

A resource that provides energy, such as coal, oil, sunlight and wind.

Fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas formed from the remains of ancient living things.

Energy that cannot be replaced once used, such as coal and oil.

Energy that keeps being replenished and never runs out, such as solar and wind power.

Energy from sunlight, turned into electricity by solar panels.

Making electricity by letting wind spin turbine blades.

The plant that produces electricity on a large scale.

The rise of the Earth's temperature as greenhouse gases gather in the atmosphere.

Using energy wisely and wasting less, such as switching off lights.

The complete, closed path that an electric current follows.

The part providing electrical energy, usually a battery in experiments.

The part that controls the current: closed lets it flow, open stops it.

A material that lets current pass easily, such as the metals copper, iron and aluminium.

A material that blocks current, such as plastic, rubber and dry wood.

The electricity flowing in a circuit that lights bulbs and turns motors.

A device that uses electrical energy to work, such as a bulb or small motor.

A break in the circuit where current cannot pass and the bulb stays dark.

The safe source for experiments, such as one to three dry cells — never mains power.

The parts of a computer we can see and touch, such as the main unit, screen and keyboard.

The computer's core part, which processes data.

The part used to type words and commands.

The part that moves the cursor and clicks choices on screen.

The step of sending data and commands into the computer, such as typing.

The computer showing or playing its results, such as the picture on screen.

A part that detects light, temperature or movement, such as an automatic door's sensor.

The way the body is held while using a computer; it should be upright and natural.

How long we use screen devices; it should be kept moderate.

The giant network linking computers all over the world.

A space on the internet made of web pages.

The tool that helps us find information on the internet.

The key words typed into a search engine, deciding how accurate the results are.

Information identifying you, such as name, address, phone number and photos.

The secret string guarding an account; it should be hard to guess and kept safe.

The practice of protecting yourself and your data while online.

The manners of the internet, such as never saying hurtful things.

Checking several reliable sources to confirm whether information is true.

The food providing most daily energy, such as rice or noodles.

The tools used for eating, such as chopsticks, knives, forks, bowls and plates.

The paired eating tools used in China, Japan and Korea.

Polite rules at the table, such as not waving utensils or stirring dishes about.

A diet without meat, kept by some Buddhists.

Food meeting Islamic dietary rules, chosen by Muslims.

Ways of living handed down through generations.

The small Chinese teahouse dishes, such as shrimp dumplings, siu mai and buns.

Valuing and accepting others' habits and choices even when they differ from ours.

The long-term weather of a place, such as hot, cold or dry.

The people living near the Arctic, who wear fur against the cold.

Animal hide and hair, very warm, used in cold-weather clothing.

A loose, long garment; desert people wear it against sun and sand.

Cloth wrapped round the head for sun, sand or warmth.

Japan's traditional dress, worn at festivals and ceremonies.

China's traditional dress for women, showing Eastern beauty.

The fibre spun by silkworms, soft and smooth — a fabric first made in China.

Hong Kong's traditional tailoring craft, listed as intangible cultural heritage.

Information reporting recent important events.

The paper medium published regularly, carrying news.

The short phrase opening a story, summing it up and catching attention.

The first paragraph, stating the most important matter in a sentence or two.

Understanding an event by asking who, what, when, where, why and how.

A statement that can be checked, such as a time or place.

A personal view of something, differing from person to person.

A promotional message selling a product or event.

Untrue or unverified information; always check before sharing.