Secondary 4 Citizenship and Social Development

The state's policy: under the premise of one China, the mainland keeps socialism while Hong Kong keeps its original capitalist system and way of life.

The three treaties by which Britain occupied Hong Kong; China has never recognised their validity.

Signed by China and Britain in December 1984, confirming China's resumption of sovereignty over Hong Kong on 1 July 1997.

The constitutional document of the HKSAR, adopted by the NPC in April 1990 and effective from 1 July 1997.

The relationship between the Central Authorities and the HKSAR: sovereignty rests with the state, and the SAR's powers come from central authorisation.

Authorised by the NPC, Hong Kong enjoys executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication.

A feature of the HKSAR political system: the Chief Executive is at its core and the executive leads the system.

The view that national security covers political, economic, cultural and many other fields.

Passed by the NPC Standing Committee on 30 June 2020, listed in Annex III of the Basic Law and implemented in Hong Kong the same day.

Everyone obeys the law and the government acts in accordance with law — a core value underpinning Hong Kong's stability and prosperity.

The fundamental system of the state, stated in Article 1 of the Constitution.

The system by which the people exercise state power through elected people's congresses.

The highest organ of state power, making laws, electing state leaders and deciding major matters.

Composed of parties, groups and people from all walks of life; it performs political consultation, democratic supervision and participation in state affairs.

China has 56 ethnic groups, all equal under Article 4 of the Constitution.

Anyone with PRC nationality, determined under the Constitution and the Nationality Law.

A category of Hong Kong residents under the Basic Law, enjoying the right of abode and, when qualified, the right to vote.

The national flag, emblem and anthem, whose designs carry deep meanings.

Understanding and identifying with one's identity as a national, built on knowing the country.

The country's key effort to lift people out of poverty — one of its major achievements.

The coexistence and interaction of many cultures in a society.

Hong Kong's mainstream culture, covering traditional festivals, family values and food culture.

The culture shared and practised by most of society.

The process of different cultures meeting, coexisting and absorbing one another.

People of different cultural backgrounds respecting and living with one another in harmony.

New creations and reflections sparked by cultural mixing, such as films blending East and West.

Residents of different ethnicities respecting and coexisting peacefully.

The ability to see issues from an international perspective and communicate across cultures.

Understanding of one's citizenship and social responsibility; a plural environment helps cultivate it with a global outlook.

The national development course launched at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee in December 1978 — reform at home, opening to the world.

The December 1978 meeting that made the historic decision to launch reform and opening-up.

Pilot areas of opening-up set up in 1980: Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen.

Proposed in 1987: solving food and clothing needs, achieving moderate prosperity, then moving towards moderate development.

Making policies according to actual conditions — the thinking basis of reform.

The goal that some get rich first to drive the rest, so that all share the fruits of development.

The economic system in which the market plays its role in allocating resources under the state's macro regulation.

The second step of the strategy: a comfortable life above basic subsistence.

The sum of a country's strengths across the economy, culture, natural resources, education, science and technology, defence and more.

The average years a newborn is expected to live — a measure of healthcare and living standards.

The national plan drawn up every five years, setting development goals and key policies.

The plan for 2021–2025, with a chapter supporting Hong Kong's eight-centre positioning.

The '9+2' city cluster of nine Guangdong cities plus Hong Kong and Macao.

Published in February 2019, it sets out the positioning and goals of Bay Area cities.

Signed in June 2003, effective from 2004; it lets Hong Kong goods enter the mainland tariff-free and progressively opens services.

Hong Kong goods meeting rules of origin enter the mainland without tariffs.

The connection of infrastructure, rules and people within the region — a key Bay Area aim.

The major sea link connecting Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao, opened in October 2018.

The high-speed rail section opened in September 2018, greatly shortening journeys to Shenzhen and Guangzhou.

Since the 2000s, the country's diplomacy cooperating with other countries in energy, culture, healthcare, trade and more.

The cooperation initiative proposed in 2013, comprising the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.

The land route of the initiative, linking Central Asia and Europe along the ancient Silk Road.

The sea route of the initiative, connecting ports across Asia, Africa and Europe.

The cooperation priorities of the initiative: policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration and people-to-people bonds.

Founded in 2001 with members across Eurasia, cooperating in security, the economy and trade.

The international forum held regularly in Boao, Hainan, gathering leaders to discuss Asia's development.

UN operations deploying personnel overseas; China has long taken part.

Aid to developing countries covering infrastructure, healthcare and agriculture.

A country's standing and influence in the international community, raised through participation.

Hong Kong's role as the intermediary between the country and global markets, moving capital, talent and information both ways.